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作者：University System of Ohio; Xavier University; Baylor University
摘要：We present new estimates of the outcomes of first-generation Mexicans and their descendants between 1880 and 1940. We find zero convergence of the economic gap between Mexicans and non-Mexican whites across three generations. The great-grandchildren of immigrants also had fewer years of education. Slow convergence is not simply due to an inheritance of poverty; rather, Mexican Americans had worse outcomes conditional on the father's economic status. However, the gap between third-generation Me...
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作者：Boston University; National University of Singapore
摘要：What was the return to education in the United States at mid-century? In 1940, the correlation between years of schooling and earnings was relatively low. In this article, we estimate the causal return to schooling in 1940, constructing a large linked sample of twin brothers to account for differences in unobserved ability and family background. We find that each additional year of schooling increased labor earnings by approximately 4 percent, about half the return found for more recent cohort...
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作者：University of Melbourne
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作者：Lund University; University of Groningen; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Stellenbosch University
摘要：The institutions that governed most of the rural population in British colonial Africa have been neglected in the literature on colonialism. We use new data on local governments, or Native Authorities, to present the first quantitative comparison of African institutions under indirect rule in four colonies in 1948: Nigeria, the Gold Coast, Nyasaland, and Kenya. Tax data show that Native Authorities' capacity varied within and between colonies, due to both underlying economic inequalities and A...
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作者：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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作者：Monash University; University of Warwick; University of Cologne; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：How did the Prussian three-class franchise, which politically over-represented the economic elite, affect policies? Contrary to the predominant and simplistic view that the system allowed the landed elites to capture most political rents, we find that members of parliament from constituencies with a higher vote inequality support more liberal policies, gauging their political orientation from the universe of roll call votes cast in parliament during Prussia's rapid industrialization (1867-1903...
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作者：Northwestern University
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作者：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore
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作者：Chulalongkorn University
摘要：We assess the impact of access to Bangkok's nineteenth-century canal network on orchard productivity using a new dataset constructed from 1880s orchard land deeds. We find that properties located adjacent to canals, which were built for purposes exogenous to orchard production, had significantly higher labor productivity than those located inland. Gaining direct access to canals led to productivity improvements through better access to markets, which in turn enhanced cultivators' welfare. We c...
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作者：University Hohenheim; University of Mannheim
摘要：In the second half of the nineteenth century, the patent office of the German state Wuerttemberg strategically discriminated against foreign inventors by charging comparatively high patent fees. We show that this administrative practice was driven by fiscal and protectionist motives.
