-
作者：Universite de Bordeaux; University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The Cobden-Chevalier treaty of 1860 eliminated French import prohibitions and lowered tariffs between France and Great Britain. The policy change was largely unexpected and unusually free from direct lobbying. A series of commercial treaties with other nations followed. Post-1860, we find a significant rise in French intra-industry trade. Sectors that liberalized more experienced higher two-way trade. Our findings are consistent with the idea that trade liberalization led to smooth adjustment ...
-
作者：Paris School of Economics; European Central Bank; Bank of France
-
作者：Princeton University; Princeton University
摘要：This study investigates the impact of malaria eradication programs on Black-white economic disparities in the early 1900s U.S. South. Malaria eradication was widespread and improved health across races. Yet, only white men experienced economic benefits. Using matched census records, we find that increased exposure to the program was associated with higher schooling attainment and income for whites but not for Blacks. Blacks exposed to malaria eradication were more likely to be farm laborers, a...
-
作者：University of Manchester; Universidade de Lisboa; Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lisbon (ICS-UL); Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Peking University
摘要：We test for integration of financial markets in China during 1920-1933 using a new dataset of domestic exchange rates. Our data concerns tael-denominated telegraphic transfers between Shanghai and nine other cities. We find that Chinese financial markets, as measured by the efficiency of silver-point arbitrage, were highly integrated among major commercial hubs in north and central China, but there was a lower level of integration for more remote cities in the south. Our paper presents the fir...
-
作者：Northumbria University
-
作者：University of Essex
摘要：This paper studies the evolution of mate preferences throughout the twentieth century in France. I digitized all the matrimonial ads published in France's best-selling monthly magazine from 1928 to 1994. Using dictionary-based methods, I show that mate preferences were mostly stable during the Great Depression, WWII, and the ensuing economic boom. These preferences started transforming in the late 1960s when economic criteria were progressively replaced by personality criteria. The timing coin...
-
作者：Universidad Publica de Navarra; University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; Bocconi University
摘要：We study the link between fiscal austerity and Nazi electoral success. Voting data from a thousand districts and a hundred cities for four elections between 1930 and 1933 show that areas more affected by austerity (spending cuts and tax increases) had relatively higher vote shares for the Nazi Party. We also find that the localities with relatively high austerity experienced relatively high suffering (measured by mortality rates) and these areas' electorates were more likely to vote for the Na...
-
作者：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This article analyzes a newly constructed individual level dataset of every English death and probate from 1892-1992. This analysis shows that the twentieth century's Great Equalization of wealth stalled in mid-century. The probate rate, which captures the proportion of English holding any significant wealth at death rose from 10 percent in the 1890s to 40 percent by 1950 and has stagnated to 1992. Despite the large declines in the wealth share of the top 1 percent, from 73 to 20 percent, the ...
-
作者：New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Copenhagen
摘要：Using novel weekly mortality data for London spanning 1866-1965, we analyze the changing relationship between temperature and mortality as the city developed. Our main results show that warm weeks led to elevated mortality in the late nineteenth century, mainly due to infant deaths from digestive diseases. However, this pattern largely disappeared after WWI as infant digestive diseases became less prevalent. The resulting change in the temperature-mortality relationship meant that thousands of...
-
作者：Universidad de Piura
摘要：We present quantitative evidence that the mita introduced by the Spanish crown in 1573 caused the decimation of the native-born male population. The mass baptisms after the conquest of Peru in 1532 resulted in the assignation of surnames for the first time. We argue that past mortality displacement and mass out-migration were responsible for differences in the surnames observed in mita and non-mita districts today. Using a regression discontinuity and data from the Peruvian Electoral Roll of 2...
