2021

最新文章

• The Political Economy of Famine: The Ukrainian Famine of 1933 AI翻译
  作者：George Mason University
  摘要：The 1933 Ukrainian famine killed as many as 2.6 million people out of a population of 32 million. Historians offer three main explanations: weather, economic policies, genocide. This paper documents that (1) available data do not support weather as the main explanation: 1931 and 1932 weather predicts harvest roughly equal to the 1924-1929 average; weather explains up to 8.1 percent of excess deaths. (2) Policies (collectivization of agriculture and the lack of favored industries) significantly...
• Fiscal Capacity and Dualism in Colonial States: The French Empire 1830-1962 AI翻译
  作者：Paris School of Economics; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); University College Dublin; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine
  摘要：What was the capacity of European colonial states? How fiscally extractive were they? What was their capacity to provide public goods and services? And did this change in the developmentalist era of colonialism? To answer these questions, we use archival sources to build a new dataset on colonial states of the second French colonial empire (1830-1962). French colonial states extracted a substantial amount of revenue, but they were under-administered because public expenditure entailed high wag...
• Mexican Banks and Foreign Finance: From Internationalization to Financial Crisis, 1973-1982 AI翻译
  作者：Del Angel, Gustavo A.
• Private Benefits, Public Vices: Railways and Logrolling in the Nineteenth-Century British Parliament AI翻译
  作者：University of London; King's College London
  摘要：Vote trading among lawmakers (logrolling) can enable political rent-seeking but is difficult to identify. To achieve identification, we explore the rules governing voting for railway projects in the U.K. Parliament during the Railway Mania of the 1840s. Parliamentary rules barred MPs from voting directly for their interests. Even so, they could trade votes to ensure their interests prevailed. We find that logrolling was significant, accounting for nearly one-quarter of the railway bills approv...
• Inheritance Institutions and Landholding Inequality in Nineteenth-Century Germany: Evidence from Hesse-Cassel Villages and Towns AI翻译
  作者：City University of New York (CUNY) System; College of Staten Island (CUNY); City University of New York (CUNY) System
  摘要：This paper considers the German principality of Hesse-Cassel in the 1850s, comparing inheritance institutions and landholding inequality for roughly a thousand mostly agricultural villages and towns. The principality lay between impartible northern Europe and the partible southwest. Inequality in landholding size is measured, showing an average Gini of 0.615 and substantial variation across communities. Places with relatively larger populations and ones that practiced impartible inheritance ha...
• Losing the Thread: Cotton, Liverpool and the American Civil War AI翻译
  作者：Newcastle University - UK
• Central Banking before 1800: A Rehabilitation AI翻译
  作者：Paris School of Economics
• European Goods Market Integration in the Very Long Run: From the Black Death to the First World War AI翻译
  作者：New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
  摘要：This paper examines price convergence and changes in the efficiency of wheat markets, covering the period from the mid-fourteenth to the early twentieth century and most of Europe. The analysis is based on a new data set of prices from almost 600 markets. Unlike previous research, we find that convergence was a predominantly pre-modern phenomenon. It started in the late fifteenth century, advanced rapidly until the beginning of the seventeenth century when it temporarily stalled, resumed after...
• China's GDP: Some Corrections and the Way Forward AI翻译
  作者：University Saint-Louis - Bruxelles; University of Oxford
  摘要：Historical GDP estimates for China by Broadberry, Guan, and Li are problematic because of an implausible series for government expenditure. Revised estimates reduce GDP per capita, mainly during the Ming, by up to a third. Two peaks in income now stand out: the Song efflorescence and the years around 1700. If the latter peak is real, comparisons of the Yangzi delta with leading European countries show a Great Crossing in the Middle Ages, a Great Convergence in the seventeenth century, and a Gr...
• Collective Action and Policy Implementation: Evidence from Salvador Allende's Expropriations AI翻译
  作者：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：The Cold War triggered the appearance of U.S.-sponsored re-distributive policies in Latin America with the goal of decreasing the influence of the Soviet Union. We study how organized groups of workers increased the intensity of one of the largest programs of the time, Salvador Allende's land reform in Chile (1970-1973). Using original data in an event study research design, we find that the local political actions of workers-proxied by land invasions-affected the intensity and location of exp...