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作者：Coelli, Michael B.; Green, David A.; Warburton, William P.
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of Melbourne; University of London; University College London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of British Columbia
摘要：We examine the impact of high school graduation on the probability individuals from welfare backgrounds use welfare themselves. Our data consist of administrative educational records for grade 12 students in a Canadian province linked with their own and their parents' welfare records. We address potential endogeneity problems by: 1) controlling for ability using past test scores; 2) using an instrument for graduation based on school principal fixed effects; and 3) using a Heckman-Singer type u...
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作者：Blumkin, Tomer; Sadka, Efraim
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要：We develop a model that allows for public goods and status signaling through charitable contributions. We use this setup to re-examine the conventional practice of rendering a favorable tax treatment to charitable contributions. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Poutvaara, Panu
作者单位：University of Helsinki; Copenhagen Business School
摘要：Migration between countries with earnings-related and flat-rate pay-as-you-go social security systems may change human capital investments in both countries. The possibility of emigration boosts investments in human capital in the country with flat-rate benefits. Correspondingly, those expecting to migrate from the country with earnings-related benefits to a country with flat-rate benefits may reduce their investment in education. Allowing for migration may generate an intertemporal Pareto-imp...
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作者：Bossmann, Martin; Kleiber, Christian; Waelde, Klaus
作者单位：University of Wurzburg; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Technische Universitat Dresden; University of Basel; Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：This paper examines the role of bequests and of taxation on bequests for the distribution of wealth. We investigate a model with overlapping generations and heterogenous households where parents derive utility directly from their bequests. We obtain all results analytically. Using the coefficient of variation as the measure of inequality, bequests per se diminish the inequality of wealth since they raise private savings and hence average wealth holdings more than the variance of wealth. From a...
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作者：Vendrik, Maarten C. M.; Woltjer, Geert B.
作者单位：Hasselt University; Maastricht University
摘要：A central finding in happiness research is that a person's life satisfaction depends on the level of her income relative to the average income in her social reference group. This dependence of life satisfaction on relative income can be related to the reference dependence of the value function in Kahneman and Tversky's [Kahneman, D., Tversky, A., 1979. Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica 47, 263-291] prospect theory. In this paper we investigate whether the charac...
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作者：Cullen, Julie Berry; Gordon, Roger H.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：How does the tax law affect individual incentives to engage in entrepreneurial risk taking? We first show theoretically that taxes can affect incentives due to differences in tax rates on business vs. wage income, due to differences in the marginal tax rates faced on losses vs. profits through a progressive rate structure and through the option to incorporate, and due to risk sharing with the government. We then provide empirical evidence using U.S. individual tax return data that each of thes...
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作者：Sheshinski, E.
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作者：Duggan, Mark; Singleton, Perry; Song, Jae
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Brookings Institution; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The Social Security Amendments of 1983 reduced the generosity of Social Security retired worker benefits in the U.S. by increasing the program's fall retirement age from 65 to 67 and increasing the penalty for claiming benefits at the early retirement age of 62. These changes were phased in gradually, so that individuals born in or before 1937 were unaffected and those born in 1960 or later were fully affected. No corresponding changes were made to the program's disabled worker benefits, and t...
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作者：Hellwig, Martin F.
作者单位：Max Planck Society
摘要：The paper provides a new formulation of the Mirrlees-Seade theorem on the positivity of the optimal marginal income tax, under weaker assumptions and in a more general model. The formulation of the theorem is independent of whether the model involves finitely many types or a continuous type distribution. The formal argument makes the underlying logic transparent, relating the mathematics to the economics and showing precisely how each assumption enters the analysis. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All ...
