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作者：REES, A
摘要：Neoclassical wage theory is based on the premise that a worker's utility is based on his own wage and his own hours of work, without reference to the wages and hours of others. This article reviews anecdotal evidence that the wages of others are a powerful force in determining worker satisfaction, such that utility goes down when the wages of others go up. The resulting comparisons are a powerful force in determining wage structure, but do not exclude ultimate effect of neoclassical wage deter...
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作者：BLOCK, W
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作者：HASHIMOTO, M
摘要：This article discusses some aspects of labor market adjustments in Japan that may be relevant to the low unemployment rate there. Japanese statistics treat kyugyosha (persons not at work) as being employed, but some of these workers would be counted as unemployed in the United States. The kyugyosha group appears to increase in size during downturns and decreases during upturns, suggesting that temporarily laid-off persons are an important part of this group. Japanese employers evidently rely l...
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作者：MURRAY, C
摘要：After describing the development and dimensions of the American welfare system, this paper explores the relationship of illegitimacy to welfare. Alternative measures of illegitimacy are discussed. The relationship of the welfare package and the illegitimacy ratio is examined over time and across states, by race. A bivariate relationship of welfare and illegitimacy exists among whites, but not among blacks. Among blacks, a strong cross-state relationship exists between density of the black popu...
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作者：MAKI, DR
摘要：The article empirically estimates the effects of disability pensions provided under the Canada/Quebec Pension Plans on the labor-force participation rates of males aged 45-64 years. Two data sets are used. One consists of pooled cross section/annual time-series data by province for the years 1975-83. The other consists of observations as of 1985 on 651 males in the specified age group. Naive estimation results from both sets of data suggest a large negative effect of pension income. In the cas...
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作者：ANDERSON, GM; BLOCK, W
作者单位：California State University System; California State University Northridge; College of the Holy Cross
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作者：HUM, D; SIMPSON, W
摘要：This article reviews research from the five income-maintenance experiments in Canada and the United States. After sketching the historical and political context of the experiments, we compare their designs and discuss some important analytic difficulties. Our primary focus is the work-incentive issue, both nonstructural estimates of the experimental effects and elasticity estimates of structural labor-supply functions. We provide initial estimates of nonstructural and structural models for the...
