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作者：vandenBerg, GJ; vanOurs, JC
摘要：A major issue in the analysis of unemployment durations concerns distinguishing genuine duration dependence of the exit rate out of unemployment from unobserved heterogeneity. We present a method for the nonparametric estimation of both phenomena, designed to be applicable to time-series data on aggregate outflows from different duration classes. The model explicitly takes into account that individual exit rates are affected by the business cycle and by seasonal effects. The method is applied ...
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作者：Holmes, TJ; Schmitz, JA
摘要：This article explores a Census Bureau survey of the small business sector, the 1982 Characteristics of Business Owners survey, which contains information on both small businesses and the managers running them. A number of patterns are documented. For example, among small businesses of the same age, the probability that a business fails and the probability that a business is sold are both initially decreasing in the tenure of the manager at the business. Among businesses with managers who have ...
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作者：Oettinger, GS
摘要：This article develops and tests a simple dynamic model of statistical discrimination. The model improves on earlier static models both by allowing ex ante uncertainty about worker productivity to be resolved as on-the-job performance is observed and by generating several testable empirical implications. These predictions are tested using a sample of young men from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, producing mixed evidence for the model. The main empirical result is that no black-white...
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作者：Meghir, C; Whitehouse, E
作者单位：Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：We use data on male employees from the U.K. Family Expenditure Survey for the years 1968-86 to investigate the behavior of wages over time and across cohorts. We find that differentials between manual workers and professional managerial ones are lower at labor market entry for younger cohorts but increasing faster with age in the 1980s than in the past. The returns to experience appear to be very low in the United Kingdom, particularly for manual and clerical workers, although the improved edu...
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作者：Meyer, BD
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article analyzes an experimental program that offered payments to unemployment insurance (UI) recipients who found a job quickly. The experiment provided exogenous differences in individual incentives which I use to test labor supply and search theories of unemployment. I examine predictions about the timing of exits from unemployment and the effect of the fixed-amount bonus on different wage level groups. I also argue that the experimental evidence does not show the desirability of a per...
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作者：Thomas, JM
摘要：Using Canadian data, I investigate the relationships among sectoral mobility, unemployment spells, and total unemployment. Recent North American evidence suggests that incidence shifts toward high wage-high tenure workers may increase equilibrium unemployment through decreasing sectoral mobility and increasing spells. Using a multiple spell transition model, I find that, while shifts toward such workers may have these effects, composition changes that lead to higher mobility can also increase ...
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作者：Belzil, C
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：A model of employed and unemployed job search is estimated from a panel of new entrants into the labor force as well as prime-age workers. After investigating the relative efficiency of the two main search methods within a representative agent framework, I estimate the model under a specification that encompasses comparative advantages using the quit/layoff distinction and pretransition earnings. Overall, the data indicate that unemployed search is slightly more effective for younger workers a...
