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作者：Gallin, JH
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：Existing empirical estimates of net migration models are not identified because they lack an explicit measure of expected future conditions. I find that using actual one-period-ahead net migration at the state level to control for expectations reduces the strength of the relationship between current wages and net migration by more than one-third. I use the case of Michigan to show how existing empirical models mischaracterize the response of migration to shocks that are expected to be transito...
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作者：Maurin, E; Thesmar, D
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris
摘要：We analyze recent changes in the occupational structure of French manufacturing firms. Firms employ a greater proportion of engineers working on the design and marketing of new products and a lower proportion of high-skill experts working in administration-related activities. Firms have also reduced the share of production-related activities at both the levels of high-skill and low-skill workers. We develop a labor demand model that shows the role played by technological change. New technologi...
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作者：Gruber, J
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：I assess the long-run implications for children of growing up in a unilateral divorce environment, which increases the ease of divorce by not requiring the explicit consent of both partners. Using 40 years of census data to exploit the variation across states and over time in changes in divorce regulation, I confirm that unilateral divorce regulations do significantly increase the incidence of divorce. Adults who were exposed to unilateral divorce regulations as children are less well educated...
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作者：Hirsch, BT; Macpherson, DA
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; State University System of Florida; Florida State University
摘要：Wages for black and white workers are substantially lower in occupations with a high density of black employees, following standard controls. Such correlations can exist absent discrimination or as a result of discrimination. In wage level equations, partial correlations fall sharply after controlling for occupational skills. Longitudinal estimates accounting for worker heterogeneity indicate little wage change associated with changes in racial composition. Results support a quality sorting ra...
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作者：Owan, H
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：I develop a model in which different technological conditions lead to distinct equilibria with different patterns in labor mobility, promotion, earning distribution, and provision of firm-sponsored training. Key is the asymmetric learning of workers' characteristics. Because of the information that is conveyed to the market by promotion, firms have incentives to adopt strategic promotion policies, which result in different patterns in the use of internal labor market. The theory explains well ...
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作者：Henrekson, M; Persson, M
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Stockholm University
摘要：To get a more complete picture of how labor supply is affected by economic incentives, the effects on absenteeism should be taken into account. In particular, absenteeism due to sick leave can be considerable. We examine whether the level of sick leave compensation affects sick leave behavior. Using long time series data (1955-99) for Sweden with numerous changes of the compensation level, we generally find strong effects. Reforms implying more generous compensation for sick leave tend to be a...
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作者：DeLeire, T; Levy, H
作者单位：Michigan State University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This article examines worker sorting across occupations in response to the risk of death on the job. We use family structure as a proxy for willingness to trade safety for wages to test the proposition that workers with strong aversion to this risk sort into safer jobs. We estimate conditional logit models of occupation choice as a function of injury risk and other job attributes. Our results confirm the sorting hypothesis: within gender, single moms and dads are the most averse to risk. Overa...
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作者：Charles, KK; Stephens, M
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：Earnings shocks should affect divorce probability by changing a couple's expected gains from marriage. We find that the divorce hazard rises after a spouse's job displacement but does not change after a spousal disability. This difference casts doubt on a purely pecuniary motivation for divorce following earnings shocks, since both types of shocks exhibit similar long-run economic consequences. Furthermore, the increase in divorce is found only for layoffs and not for plant closings, suggestin...
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作者：Dunne, T; Foster, L; Haltiwanger, J; Troske, KR
作者单位：University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Using establishment-level data, we shed light on the sources of the changes in the structure of production, wages, and employment that have occurred over recent decades. Our findings are: (1) the between-plant component of wage dispersion is an important and growing part of total wage dispersion; ( 2) much of the between-plant increase in wage dispersion is within industries; (3) the between-plant measures of wage and productivity dispersion have increased substantially over recent decades; an...
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作者：van den Berg, GJ; van der Klaauw, B; van Ours, JC
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Tinbergen Institute; Tilburg University
摘要：In the Netherlands, the average exit rate out of welfare is dramatically low. Most welfare recipients have to comply with guidelines on job search effort that are imposed by the welfare agency. If they do not, then a sanction in the form of a temporary benefit reduction can be imposed. This article investigates the effect of such sanctions on the transition rate from welfare to work using a unique set of rich register data on welfare recipients. We find that the imposition of sanctions substan...
