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作者：Herz, Benedikt
摘要：A displaced worker might rationally prefer to wait through a long spell of unemployment instead of seeking employment at a lower wage in a job he is not trained for. I evaluate this trade-off using micro data on displaced workers. To achieve identification, I exploit the fact that the more a worker has invested in occupation-specific human capital, the more costly it is for him to switch occupations and therefore the higher is his incentive to wait. I find that between 9% and 17% of total unem...
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作者：Barr, Andrew
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：The Post-9/11 GI Bill brought about the largest expansion in veteran education benefits since the end of World War II, increasing annual benefit expenditures from $3 billion to more than $13 billion. Leveraging variation over time, geography, and type of veterans, I explore the effect of financial aid on degree attainment. I find that the aid expansion increased degree attainment by 5-6 percentage points (25%), roughly 0.4 percentage points per $1,000 of additional maximum aid. These findings ...
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作者：Farber, Henry S.; Herbst, Chris M.; Silverman, Dan; von Wachter, Till
作者单位：Princeton University; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：We use a resume audit study to investigate the role of employment and unemployment histories in callbacks to job applications. We find that applicants with 52 weeks of unemployment have a lower callback rate than those with shorter spells. There is no relationship, however, between spell length and callback among applicants with spells of 24 weeks or less. We also find that both younger and older applicants have a lower callback probability than prime-aged applicants. Finally, we find that app...
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作者：Cortes, Patricia; Pan, Jessica
作者单位：Boston University; National University of Singapore; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We provide evidence that constraints that prevent highly skilled women from working long hours hinder gender pay equality. We show that relaxing one such constraint by increasing the supply of substitutes for household production-proxied by intercity variation in predicted low-skilled immigration-increases the relative earnings of women in occupations that disproportionately reward overwork. Low-skilled immigration inflows induce young women to enter occupations with higher returns to overwork...
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作者：Estrada, Ricardo
摘要：This paper compares the performance of teachers hired on the basis of a standardized exam to those hired at the union's discretion in Mexico. My results show that the discretionary hires perform considerably worse than the rule-based hires (as measured by value added to student achievement). The evidence presented here shows the impact of personnel selection mechanisms on the quality of public service delivery.
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作者：Stinebrickner, Ralph; Stinebrickner, Todd; Sullivan, Paul
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); American University
摘要：This paper studies wage determination using the first longitudinal data set containing job-level task information for individual workers. Novel quantitative task measures detail the amount of time spent performing people, information, and objects tasks at different skill levels. These measures suggest natural proxies for on-the-job human capital accumulation and provide new insights about wage determination. Current job tasks are quantitatively important, with high-skilled tasks being paid sub...
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作者：Drange, Nina; Havnes, Tarjei
作者单位：Statistics Norway; University of Oslo
摘要：Young children are thought to be vulnerable to separation from their primary caregiver. This raises concern about whether early childcare enrollment may harm child development. We use childcare assignment lotteries to estimate the effect of enrollment at age 1-2 on cognitive development in Norway. Estimates show significant gains in language and mathematics at age 6-7 and a substantial drop in scores below publicly set thresholds for low performance. Across subsamples, we find a pattern of str...
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作者：Murphy, Francis X.
摘要：While much research has investigated peer effects in education, less is known about peer influence at work, particularly how bad peers affect other workers. I study soldiers during a time when the US Army granted large numbers of morality waivers to recruits with felony or misdemeanor convictions that normally preclude enlistment. I find that soldiers randomly assigned to larger shares of peers with criminal backgrounds are more likely to commit major misconduct. Additionally, that misconduct ...
