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作者：Frandsen, Brigham R.
作者单位：Brigham Young University
摘要：This study presents new evidence on the impacts of unionization using administrative data matching workers to employers in a regression discontinuity design. Close union elections exhibit substantial nonrandom selection or manipulation. Estimates accounting for this selection show that unionization substantially decreases payroll, employment, average worker earnings, and establishment survival. Payroll and earnings decreases are driven by composition changes, with older and higher-paid workers...
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作者：Ashworth, Jared; Hotz, V. Joseph; Maurel, Arnaud; Ransom, Tyler
作者单位：Pepperdine University; Duke University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research; Duke University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman
摘要：This paper investigates the wage returns to schooling and actual early work experiences and how these returns have changed over the past 20 years. Using the NLSY surveys, we develop and estimate a dynamic model of the joint schooling and work decisions that young men make in early adulthood and quantify how they affect wages using a generalized Mincerian specification. Our results highlight the need to account for dynamic selection and changes in composition when analyzing changes in wage retu...
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作者：Wilson, Riley
作者单位：Brigham Young University
摘要：This paper exploits county-level variation in exposure to news about labor markets impacted by fracking to show that access to information about employment opportunities affects migration. Exposure to newspaper articles about fracking increased migration to areas mentioned in the news by 2.4% on average, concentrated among young, unmarried, less educated men. Commuting also increased, sentiment of the news matters, and TV news has an impact. Google searches for fracking and names of states spe...
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作者：Abraham, Katharine G.; Haltiwanger, John C.; Hou, Claire; Sandusky, Kristin; Spletzer, James R.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Good information on self-employment is needed to inform the ongoing discussion of the rise of the gig economy and its implications for workers. Tax data show significant growth in self-employment not captured in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS-ASEC). The growing gap reflects both self-employment in tax data missing from the CPS-ASEC and self-employment misreported as wage and salary work. We document consistent patterns in the discrepancies betwe...
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作者：Bertrand, Marianne; Mogstad, Magne; Mountjoy, Jack
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Statistics Norway
摘要：We study the impacts of a major reform to vocational secondary education that aimed to move beyond the trade-off between providing occupational skills and closing off academic opportunities. Norway's Reform 94 integrated more general education into the vocational track, offered vocational students a pathway to college, and increased access to apprenticeships. We identify reform impacts through a difference-in-discontinuity research design applied to linked population registries. The reform sub...
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作者：Blom, Erica; Cadena, Brian C.; Keys, Benjamin J.
作者单位：Urban Institute; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：How does personal exposure to economic conditions affect individual human capital investment choices? Focusing on bachelor's degree recipients, we find that cohorts exposed to higher unemployment rates during typical schooling years select majors that earn higher wages, have better employment prospects, and lead to work in a related field. Conditional on expected earnings, recessions also encourage women to enter male-dominated fields, and students of both genders pursue more difficult majors....
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作者：Michelmore, Katherine; Pilkauskas, Natasha
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Building on earlier work that shows that the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) has a substantial positive effect on maternal labor supply, we show that labor supply effects are concentrated among mothers with children under age 3, with only moderate effects of the EITC on the labor supply of mothers with teenagers. These increases in labor supply are coupled with large increases in the use and cost of child care among mothers with children under age 3. Results highlight the importance of conside...
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作者：Acton, Riley K.
摘要：Deciding which field to study is one of the most consequential decisions college students make, but most research on the topic focuses on students attending 4-year colleges. To understand how students attending community colleges make field-of-study decisions, I link administrative educational records of recent high school graduates with local mass layoff and plant-closing announcements. I find that declines in local employment deter students from entering closely related community college pro...
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作者：Burgess, Simon; Rawal, Shenila; Taylor, Eric S.
作者单位：University of Bristol; Harvard University
摘要：This paper reports on a field experiment in 82 high schools trialing a low-cost intervention in schools' operations: teachers working in the same school observed and scored each other's teaching. Students in treatment schools scored 0.07 student standard deviations higher on math and English exams. Teachers were further randomly assigned to roles-observer and observee-and students of both types benefited, observers' students perhaps more so. Doubling the number of observations produced no diff...
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作者：Frederiksen, Anders; Manchester, Colleen Flaherty
作者单位：Aarhus University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：We study how firms' personnel practices react to labor market regulation. While a company is compelled to comply with a new law, what is the ripple effect of the change on existing personnel policies and practices? We provide evidence using passage of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act and nearly two decades of administrative data from a large US firm. In line with theory, we find a weakening of long-term implicit incentives and movement toward pay for performance. Furthermore, the data ...
