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作者：Belzil, Christian; Maurel, Arnaud; Sidibe, Modibo
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Universite de Montreal; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Using data from a Canadian field experiment on financial barriers to higher education, we estimate the distribution of the value of financial aid for prospective students. We find that a considerable share of prospective students perceive significant credit constraints. Most individuals are willing to pay a sizable interest premium above the prevailing market rate for the option to take up a loan, with a median interest rate wedge equal to 6.8 percentage points for a $1,000 loan. The willingne...
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作者：Clemens, Jeffrey; Kahn, Lisa B.; Meer, Jonathan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Rochester; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：We explore whether minimum wage increases result in substitution from lower-skilled to slightly higher-skilled labor. Using 2011-16 American Community Survey (ACS) data, we show that workers employed in low-wage occupations are older and more likely to have a high school diploma following recent statutory minimum wage increases. To better understand the role of firms, we examine the Burning Glass vacancy data. We find increases in a high school diploma requirement following minimum wage hikes,...
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作者：Koppensteiner, Martin Foureaux; Menezes, Livia
作者单位：University of Surrey; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Birmingham
摘要：We combine extremely granular information on the location and timing of homicides with a number of large administrative educational data sets from Brazil to estimate the effect of exposure to homicides around schools, around students' residences, and on their way to school. We show that violence has a detrimental effect on both school attendance and standardized test scores and that it increases the dropout rates of students substantially. We use exceptionally rich information from student- an...
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作者：Bennett, Magdalena; Bergman, Peter
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Columbia University
摘要：There is concern that the risky behaviors of teenagers, such as truancy, negatively influence the behaviors of others through their social networks. We use administrative data to construct social networks based on students who are truant together. We simulate these networks to document that certain students systematically coordinate their absences. We validate them by showing that a parent information intervention on student absences has spillover effects from treated students onto their peers...
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作者：Bailey, Martha J.; DiNardo, John; Stuart, Bryan A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; George Washington University
摘要：This paper examines the short- and longer-term economic effects of the 1966 Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), which increased the national minimum wage to its highest level of the twentieth century and extended coverage to an additional 9.1 million workers. Exploiting differences in the bite of the minimum wage owing to regional variation in the standard of living and industry composition, this paper finds that the 1966 FLSA increased wages dramatically but reduced aggregate employment only mod...
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作者：Michelmore, Katherine; Pilkauskas, Natasha
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Building on earlier work that shows that the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) has a substantial positive effect on maternal labor supply, we show that labor supply effects are concentrated among mothers with children under age 3, with only moderate effects of the EITC on the labor supply of mothers with teenagers. These increases in labor supply are coupled with large increases in the use and cost of child care among mothers with children under age 3. Results highlight the importance of conside...
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作者：Ham, John C.; Ueda, Ken
作者单位：New York University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; United States Department of the Treasury; Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
摘要：In a 2014 paper, Garthwaite, Gross, and Notowidigdo examined the employment impact of the 2005 TennCare contraction. We extend their approach in several directions. First, we use consistent Conley-Taber estimation. Second, we transform their estimates to make them comparable to previous work; the transformed effects have large confidence intervals. We estimate their models using several larger data sets in an attempt to get more precise estimates but find that the results can be quite differen...
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作者：Acton, Riley K.
摘要：Deciding which field to study is one of the most consequential decisions college students make, but most research on the topic focuses on students attending 4-year colleges. To understand how students attending community colleges make field-of-study decisions, I link administrative educational records of recent high school graduates with local mass layoff and plant-closing announcements. I find that declines in local employment deter students from entering closely related community college pro...
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作者：Burgess, Simon; Rawal, Shenila; Taylor, Eric S.
作者单位：University of Bristol; Harvard University
摘要：This paper reports on a field experiment in 82 high schools trialing a low-cost intervention in schools' operations: teachers working in the same school observed and scored each other's teaching. Students in treatment schools scored 0.07 student standard deviations higher on math and English exams. Teachers were further randomly assigned to roles-observer and observee-and students of both types benefited, observers' students perhaps more so. Doubling the number of observations produced no diff...
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作者：Ferrie, Joseph; Massey, Catherine; Rothbaum, Jonathan
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：We assess the biases induced by measurement error in a study of correlations in educational attainment across two and three generations in the United States using linked data spanning 1940-2015. Although multigenerational regressions show an economically meaningful grandparent effect, we find that this effect is overstated and likely not statistically or economically significant after we correct for measurement error. However, that same measurement error means that inferences derived using onl...
