Chimpanzees rationally revise their beliefs

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Schleihauf, Hanna; Sanford, Emily M.; Thompson, Bill D.; Zhang, Snow; Rukundo, Joshua; Call, Josep; Herrmann, Esther; Engelmann, Jan M.
• 署名单位: Utrecht University; Leibniz Association; Deutsches Primatenzentrum (DPZ); University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of St Andrews; University of St Andrews; University of Portsmouth
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.adq5229
• 发表日期: 2025-10-30
• 页码: 521-526
• 关键词: APES PAN-PANISCUS; GORILLA-GORILLA; SOCIAL THEORIES; PONGO-ABELII; Perseverance; TROGLODYTES; location; food; metacognition; inferences

摘要

The selective revision of beliefs in light of new evidence has been considered one of the hallmarks of human-level rationality. However, tests of this ability in other species are lacking. We examined whether and how chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) update their initial belief about the location of a reward in response to conflicting evidence. Chimpanzees responded to counterevidence in ways predicted by a formal model of rational belief revision: They remained committed to their initial belief when the evidence supporting the alternative belief was weaker, but they revised their initial belief when the supporting evidence was stronger. Results suggest that this pattern of belief revision was guided by the explicit representation and weighing of evidence. Taken together, these findings indicate that chimpanzees metacognitively evaluate conflicting pieces of evidence within a reflective process.