Electrolytes that reduce electro-osmotic drag improve fast charging of lithium-ion batteries

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Zhao, Chang-Xin; Wang, Zeyi; Jacobson, David; Li, Yue; Khaykovich, Boris; Fayfar, Sean; Zheng, Lei; Lamanna, Jacob; Chen, Xilin; Hussey, Daniel S.; Chen, Fu; Veith, Gabriel M.; Wang, Chunsheng
• 署名单位: University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) - USA; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.adv1739
• 发表日期: 2025-11-13
• 页码: 745-750
• 关键词: force-field; DYNAMICS; CHLOROFORM; electrodes; parameters

摘要

Fast charging (at rates greater than 4 C) is essential for high-energy lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles yet remains challenging owing to a lack of understanding of fast-charging barriers. Conventional optimization strategies concentrate on shortening lithium-ion transport pathways through electrode structure modification, which often compromises energy densities. In this work, we demonstrate that thick-electrode fast charging is constrained by solvent withdrawal within porous electrodes and the resulting electro-osmotic drag polarization, which is driven by cation-induced electro-osmotic drag. To reduce electro-osmotic drag polarization, we designed electrolytes with weak cation solvation and strong anion solvation, where a difluorinated solvent weakens lithium-cation solvation and its difluoromethyl hydrogen atoms enhance anion solvation through hydrogen bonding. This electrolyte enables thick-electrode, energy-dense batteries to achieve 80% charge within 13 minutes.