Gender Difference in Innovation Recognition: A Textual Analysis Approach

• 成果类型: Article; Early Access
• 署名作者: Li, Zihao; Liu, Shaoyu
• 署名单位: Yale University; Columbia University
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF LABOR ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0734-306X
• DOI: 10.1086/734845
• 发表日期: 2026
• 关键词: interindustry wage differentials; DISCRIMINATION; gap; extent; women

摘要

This paper studies gender difference in innovation recognition using patent citations. We propose a method to quantify undercitation based on pairwise textual similarity of patents. Both male and female inventors exhibit homophily, underciting patents by inventors of the opposite gender, and this tendency is stronger among female inventors than male inventors. However, female inventors' patents are 12% less likely to be cited overall because female inventors are outnumbered by male inventors (i.e., composition effect dominates). By contrast, citations added by patent examiners show little gender difference. Past undercitations negatively impact future patenting activities, more so for female inventors.