Caps on bids in all-pay contests with identity-dependent externalities

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Kovenock, Dan; Song, Jian; Trevisan, Francesco
• 署名单位: Chapman University System; Chapman University; Oklahoma City University; Universita Ca Foscari Venezia
• 刊物名称: GAMES AND ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0899-8256
• DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2026.05.003
• 发表日期: 2026
• 关键词: Auctions

摘要

This article examines, both theoretically and experimentally, the welfare implications of implementing symmetric bid caps in lobbying competitions. We model lobbying games as lottery contests with two radicals and one centrist, where all players strictly prefer to win. However, if they lose, radicals prefer to lose to a centrist rather than to the opposing radical. We establish the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium and find that, in the absence of a bid cap, radicals may bid aggressively enough to drive the centrist out of the competition, thereby preventing the social welfare-maximizing outcome. Consequently, implementing a bid cap enhances social welfare in two ways: it reduces aggregate expenditure and increases the likelihood of the centrist winning. Our experimental results qualitatively align with the theoretical predictions. However, we also identify and address notable behavioral patterns: in contrast to the vast experimental literature (Sheremeta, 2013) on contests, aggregate bids do not exceed theoretical predictions in all treatments.