Abstract
As finance is being reshaped by a range of technological, regulatory and market developments, AI and open data-sharing are two particularly influential trends. However, dynamics of their intersection remain relatively understudied. This paper examines the interplay of AI innovation with data-sharing environments, highlighting mutually reinforcing benefits alongside increased complexity, trade-offs and amplified risks. It also explores a forward-looking theoretical scenario of agentic AI in an environment of growing data-sharing. The paper aims to support the responsible and scalable deployment of AI innovation within open finance ecosystems.
Acknowledgements
This report provides analysis of the interplay and mutual dependencies between the deployment of AI in the financial sector and the evolving data-sharing frameworks. The report builds on prior OECD analysis on AI in finance and Open Finance as standalone digitalisation trends (OECD, 2023[1]; 2023[2]; 2021[3]; 2023[4]; 2024[5]; 2026[6]) (2026[7]). The analysis discusses how these two trends mutually reinforce each other’s development, generating new opportunities while simultaneously giving rise to new complexities and potential trade-offs, and amplifying certain risks. The paper also explores benefits and risks associated with a scenario of the proliferation of Agentic AI in finance, given the relevance of personal information enabled through AI for such highly autonomous systems. The objective of this report is to examine interdependencies of Open Finance and AI and associated benefits, challenges and trade-offs, with a view to fostering wider deployment and scale-up of responsible and safe AI innovation within Open Finance-enabled ecosystems.
The report has been developed by the Capital Markets and Financial Institutions of the OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs. It was drafted by Iota Kaousar Nassr under the supervision of Fatos Koc, Head of the Financial Markets Unit, and Serdar Çelik, Head of Division. Liv Gudmundson and Mathilde Le Pichon provided editorial and communication support.
The authors gratefully acknowledge valuable input and feedback provided by the following individuals and organisations: Merel Croon, Dutch National Bank; Gerardo García, Banco de México and Homero Issac Cardenas Escalante, Undersecretary of Finance and public credit, Mexico; Paweł Gąsiorowski and Adam Głogowski, National Bank of Poland; Mládek Josef Ing., Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic; Mikari Kashima, Bank of Japan; Marina Kalfić, Ministry of Finance, Slovenia; Nishad Majmudar and Paull Randt, U.S. Department of the Treasury; Alexis Noir-Luhalwe, Direction Générale du Trésor, France;Jungphil Park, Bank of Korea; Andrea Quiroga Angel and Maria Paula Rueda Viviescas, Financial Superintendency of Colombia; Natalia Radichevskaia, Luxembourg; Ryosuke Ushida and Kodama Kunihiro, Financial Services Agency, Japan; Silvia Vori and Giuseppe Grande, Banca d’Italia; as well as Luis Aranda, Giuseppe Bianco, Maria Canedo, Celine Caira, Clarisse Girot, Miles Larbey, Beatriz Marques, Richard May and Nikolas Schmidt from the OECD.
The report was discussed by the OECD Committee on Financial Markets, chaired by Mr Seiichi Shimizu, Assistant Governor, Bank of Japan, on 11 September 2025 and 5 March 2026. The report constitutes part of the horizontal OECD project on Artificial Intelligence.