A biometric study of the flatness of the facial skeleton in man
成果类型：
Article
署名作者：
Woo, TL; Morant, GM
刊物名称：
BIOMETRIKA
ISSN/ISSBN：
0006-3444
DOI：
10.1093/biomet/26.1-2.196
发表日期：
1934
页码：
196250
关键词：
摘要：
In this quantitative study of transverse flattening of the face in different races, 8 measurements were taken: 10W = internal bi-orbital breadth between points, right and left, where fronto-malar sutures cross outer margins of orbits; Sub. IOW = subtense of nasion from IOW; SC (simotic chord) = minimum horizontal breadth of the 2 nasal bones; SS (simotic subtense) = minimum subtense from ridge of nasal bones to SC; MOW = mid-orbital breadth between points, right and left, where malar-maxillary sutures cross lower margins of orbits; Sub. MOW (rhinal subtense) = subtense from lowest point on inter-nasal suture to MOW; GB = chord between points, right and left, on zygomatico-maxillary sutures which are lowest with regard to Frankfort horizontal plane; Sub. GB = subtense of alveolar point from GB. From these measurements 4 indices were calculated: frontal index= 100 Sub. IOW/ HOW; simotic index =100 SS/SC; rhinal index=100 Sub. MOW/MOW; premaxillary index =100 Sub. GB/GB. 5 of the 8 absolute measurements show sex ratios of the usual order, but for the simotic chord the ratios are small and for the simotic and rhinal subtenses particularly large. The simotic and rhinal indices hence show marked sexual differences between means, the premaxillary index slight differences, and the frontal none. The nasal bones are, on the average, more protruding in the [male] than the [female] of the same race, but the premaxillary region tends to be less protruding in the [male]. The [male] indices tend to be more variable than the [female], but for absolute measurements [female] coefficients of variation are greater than or equal to the [male]. There is no evidence that the variabilities of the characters examined differentiate primitive and advanced races. The intraracial correlations are lower than would have been expected. The interracial variabilities tend to be smaller than the intraracial. The interracial correlations tend to be higher than the intraracial. All 4 indices are well-marked racial characters. The simotic and facial indices are valuable racial criteria which should be recorded in the routine descriptions of racial series of crania.