Public-value failure: When efficient markets may not do

• 成果类型: Review
• 署名作者: Bozeman, B
• 刊物名称: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0033-3352
• DOI: 10.1111/0033-3352.00165
• 发表日期: 2002
• 页码: 145-161
• 关键词: policy-analysis; PROPERTY-RIGHTS; social-science; GOVERNMENT; PRIVATE; consensus; POLITICS; DEFENSE; service; truth

摘要

The familiar market-failure model remains quite useful for issues of price efficiency and traditional utilitarianism, but it has many shortcomings as a standard for public-value aspects of public policy and management. In a public-value-failure model, I present criteria for diagnosing values problems that are not easily addressed by market-failure models. Public-value failure occurs when: (1) mechanisms for values articulation and aggregation have broken down; (2) imperfect monopolies occur; (3) benefit hoarding occurs; (4) there is a scarcity of providers of public value; (5) a short time horizon threatens public value; (6) a focus on substitutability of assets threatens conservation of public resources; and (7) market transactions threaten fundamental human subsistence. After providing examples for diagnosis of public-values failure, including an extended example concerning the market for human organs, I introduce a public-failure grid to facilitate values choices in policy and public management.