Globalization, europeanization, complexity, and the future of Scandinavian exceptionalism
成果类型：
Article
署名作者：
Geyer, RR
署名单位：
University of Liverpool
刊物名称：
GOVERNANCE-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLICY ADMINISTRATION AND INSTITUTIONS
ISSN/ISSBN：
0952-1895
DOI：
10.1111/1468-0491.00228
发表日期：
2003
关键词：
摘要：
Throughout much of the twentieth century, the Scandinavian countries have been a problem for leftist and rightist visions of global order because, with various adaptations, they have continued to successfully develop on their exceptional path of market openness and social inclusiveness. How can this be explained? From a traditional social-science perspective, it cannot. However, from a complexity perspective, where there are no rigid hegemonic fundamental human orders such as globalization and Europeanization, nation-states evolve through complex adaptation with their global surroundings. From this perspective, diversity and exceptionalism- not order- are the norm.