A Simple Heuristic Policy for Stochastic Distribution Inventory Systems with Fixed Shipment Costs

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Zhu, Han; Chen, Youhua (Frank); Hu, Ming; Yang, Yi
• 署名单位: Dongbei University of Finance & Economics; City University of Hong Kong; University of Toronto; Zhejiang University
• 刊物名称: OPERATIONS RESEARCH
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0030-364X
• DOI: 10.1287/opre.2021.2101
• 发表日期: 2021
• 页码: 1651-1659
• 关键词: warehouse multiretailer systems; bounds

摘要

We study a continuous-review, two-echelon inventory system with one central warehouse, multiple local facilities, and each facility facing random demand. Local facilities replenish their stock from the central warehouse (or distribution center), which in turn places orders at an outside supplier with ample supply. Inventory replenishment at each location incurs a fixed-plus-variable cost for each shipment. The optimal policy remains unknown, and even if it exists, such a policy must be extremely complicated. Instead, we evaluate a class of easy-to-implement heuristics, called modified echelon (r, Q) policies. The parameters for such a heuristic are obtained by solving a set of independent single-stage systems. We show that the proposed policy is asymptotically optimal, as pairs of system primitives, such as the ratios of the fixed cost of the central facility to those of the local facilities, are scaled up. We also show that as the number of retailers grows, the performance bound of the heuristic converges to a primitive-dependent constant.