Planning in ambiguous contexts: The dilemma of meeting needs for commitment and demands for legitimacy

• 成果类型: Review
• 署名作者: Stone, MM; Brush, CG
• 刊物名称: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT JOURNAL
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0143-2095
• DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199610)17:8<633::AID-SMJ837>3.0.CO;2-6
• 发表日期: 1996
• 页码: 633-652
• 关键词: planning; nonprofit organizations; ENTREPRENEURIAL FIRMS; COMMITMENT; legitimacy

摘要

This paper argues that ambiguity of context manifested in pressures for legitimacy and commitment affect planning processes. Ambiguity arises from multiple conflicting constituencies and the lack of direct control over resources. Using nonprofit and entrepreneurial organizations as examples of organizations facing ambiguous contents, we examine their planning practices to develop an understanding of the relationship between commitment legitimacy, and planning. From this analysis, we articulate a managerial dilemma: the need to use informality and vagueness to gain commitment from diverse interests, and the need to demonstrate formalization of managerial practices to acquire legitimacy from critical resource suppliers. Using elements of this dilemma, we present a new planning framework for organizations in ambiguous contexts that recognizes planning as a strategy for resource acquisition rather than a strategy for resource allocation.