Do Employees Work Less for Female Leaders? A Multi-Method Study of Entrepreneurial Firms

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Kacperczyk, Olenka; Younkin, Peter; Rocha, Vera
• 署名单位: University of London; London Business School; University of Oregon; Copenhagen Business School
• 刊物名称: ORGANIZATION SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 1047-7039
• DOI: 10.1287/orsc.2022.1611
• 发表日期: 2023
• 页码: 1111-1133
• 关键词: Entrepreneurship; GENDER; leadership; staffing and HR

摘要

We propose that female-founded ventures receive a lower amount of employee labor for equal pay because employees are more likely to decline requests for additional labor by female founders. First, using longitudinal matched employer-employee data covering all founders of new ventures with personnel in Portugal between 2002 and 2012, we confirm that full-time employees contribute fewer regular hours and less overtime work to female-founded firms. Second, using a series of online experiments, we show that this variation in employee labor across female and male-founded firms is partly motivated by a difference in the employee's expectations of work demands. Specifically, employees perceive female founders' requests for additional labor to be unfair and more difficult than expected, and both these perceptions explain the lower amount of employee labor supplied in female-founded ventures. Overall, our findings uncover a novel mechanism that helps explain the existence of a gender gap in entrepreneurship beyond the entry stage.