When ratings from one source have been averaged, but ratings from another source have not: Problems and solutions
成果类型：
Article
署名作者：
Scullen, SE
刊物名称：
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
ISSN/ISSBN：
0021-9010
DOI：
10.1037/0021-9010.82.6.880
发表日期：
1997
页码：
880-888
关键词：
摘要：
Studies using the single-aggregate approach (L. R. James, 1982), where assessments made by individual respondents are correlated with other assessments that have been averaged across multiple respondents, can exhibit a systematic bias of 20 to 70% or more if they are used to estimate individual level relationships. Not only mag. results of such studies be erroneous, but theory development based on such studies may be misguided. A comprehensive solution (nested and crossed designs) to the single-aggregation problem is provided through generalizability theory. Results show that the aggregation bias is a function of both the generalizability (reliability) of individual responses and the number of individuals per group. Conceptual parallels to classical measurement theory are discussed. Factors are presented for converting single-aggregated correlations and standard deviations to estimates of the corresponding values using the individual as the level of analysis.
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