A three-stage theory of international expansion: the link between multinationality and performance in the service sector
成果类型：
Article
署名作者：
Contractor, FJ; Kundu, SK; Hsu, CC
署名单位：
Saint Louis University; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
刊物名称：
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES
ISSN/ISSBN：
0047-2506
DOI：
10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400003
发表日期：
2003
页码：
5-18
关键词：
摘要：
It is generally assumed that the performance of a firm improves with greater multinationality. Yet recent empirical studies have shown both a U-shaped relationship (which suggests an initially negative effect of international expansion on performance, before the positive returns of international expansion are realized) and an inverted-U-shaped relationship (which suggests that international expansion beyond an optimal level is again detrimental to performance, and results in a negative slope). This paper proposes a new unified three-stage theory of international expansion that incorporates both concepts in a sigmoid hypothesis. It then tests this on data from 11 service industries, highlighting the difference between knowledge-based and capital-intensive service sectors.
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