Individual- and Organizational-Level Consequences of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis

• 成果类型: Article; Proceedings Paper
• 署名作者: Podsakoff, Nathan P.; Whiting, Steven W.; Podsakoff, Philip M.; Blume, Brian D.
• 署名单位: University of Arizona; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan Flint
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0021-9010
• DOI: 10.1037/a0013079
• 发表日期: 2009
• 页码: 122-141
• 关键词: ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIORS; CONTEXTUAL PERFORMANCE; Meta-analysis; customer satisfaction; Withdrawal

摘要

Although one of the main reasons for the interest in organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) is the potential consequences of these behaviors, no study has been reported that summarizes the research regarding the relationships between OCBs and their outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this Study is to provide a meta-analytic examination of the relationships between OCBs and a variety of individual- and organizational-level outcomes. Results, based on 168 independent samples (N = 51,235 individuals), indicated that OCBs are related to a number of individual-level outcomes, including managerial ratings of employee performance, reward allocation decisions, and a variety of withdrawal-related criteria (e.g., employee turnover intentions, actual turnover, and absenteeism). In addition. OCBs were found to be related (k = 38; N = 3,611 units) to a number of organizational-level outcomes (e.g., productivity, efficiency, reduced costs, customer satisfaction, and unit-level turnover). Of interest, somewhat stronger relationships were observed between OCBs and unit-level performance measures in longitudinal studies than in cross-sectional studies, providing some evidence that OCBs are causally related to these criteria. The implications of these findings for both researchers and practitioners are discussed.