From Free Pastures to Penned in: The Within-Person Effects of Psychological Reactance on Side-Hustlers' Hostility and Initiative in Full-Time Work

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Sessions, Hudson; Baer, Michael D.; Nahrgang, Jennifer D.; Pychlau, Sophie
• 署名单位: Southern Methodist University; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; University of Iowa; Iowa State University; Southern Methodist University
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0021-9010
• DOI: 10.1037/apl0001115
• 发表日期: 2023
• 页码: 1979-1997
• 关键词: multiple jobholding; psychological reactance; hostility; initiative; Job performance

摘要

Multiple jobholding is increasingly common, particularly among full-time employees who have adopted side-hustles-income-generating work from the gig economy that is performed alongside full-time work. A distinguishing feature of side-hustles is substantial autonomy in the work's timing, location, and method. This autonomy has typically been portrayed as beneficial. We shift this consensus by developing a within-person model that suggests elevated side-hustle autonomy-relative to what is typical for that person-sets the employee on a course to feel boxed in by their full-time job. Drawing on psychological reactance theory, we argue that elevated autonomy in a side-hustle sensitizes employees to threats that restrict their control. As these employees shift to full-time work, we theorize that this sensitivity is associated with feelings of hostility that contribute to counterproductive behavior. We also propose, however, that side-hustle autonomy has benefits for full-time work-motivating employees to reassert control through increased initiative, thereby enhancing task performance. We explore the countervailing relationships between side-hustle autonomy and full-time work outcomes with a daily experience sampling study (ESM) of 101 full-time employees with side-hustles and their coworkers (Study 1) and a weekly ESM study of 100 full-time employees with side-hustles (Study 2). Taken together, we build and test theory about how employees' side-hustle autonomy exhibits within-person relationships that are a mixed-bag for their full-time work behavior.