How can cooperation be fostered? The cultural effects of individualism-collectivism

• 成果类型: Article; Proceedings Paper
• 署名作者: Chen, CC; Chen, XP; Meindl, JR
• 署名单位: Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Buffalo, SUNY; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
• 刊物名称: ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT REVIEW
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0363-7425
• DOI: 10.2307/259375
• 发表日期: 1998
• 页码: 285-304
• 关键词: PUBLIC-GOODS PROBLEMS; Social dilemmas; REWARD ALLOCATION; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNICATION; BEHAVIOR; ORGANIZATIONS; trust; task; work

摘要

Studies of cooperation are abundant in the social sciences, but organizational researchers are calling for integrating the numerous conceptions of cooperation and meeting the new challenges of cultural differences. In this article we develop a culturally contingent model of cooperation. We differentiate various mechanisms from cooperative behaviors and theorize about how culture affects behavioral cooperation through mechanism selection or modification. Delineating cultural effects, we derive patterned differences in the instrumental and expressive motives of individualists and collectivists and propose six culturally contrasting cooperation mechanisms. Finally, we discuss directions for future research and consider implications for practice.