BRINGING THE INDIVIDUAL BACK IN - A STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNAL MARKET FOR REPUTATION IN ORGANIZATIONS

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: KILDUFF, M; KRACKHARDT, D
• 署名单位: Carnegie Mellon University
• 刊物名称: ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0001-4273
• DOI: 10.5465/256771
• 发表日期: 1994
• 页码: 87-108
• 关键词: PERFORMANCE-APPRAISAL RESEARCH; INFORMANT ACCURACY; Network structure; SOCIAL-STRUCTURES; decision-making; cognition; BASKING; ratings; CHOICE; POWER

摘要

We challenge the claimed incommensurability of individualism and structuralism by showing how a cognitive theory can guide the use of structural methods. According to balance theory, there is a strain toward cognitive balance in observers' perceptions of friendship relations. Thus, we found, as predicted, that being perceived to have a prominent friend in an organization boosted an individual's reputation as a good performer, but that actually having such a friend (as assessed by conventional structural methods] had no effect. Bringing individual perceptions back into structural analysis enhances, rather than detracts from, the effectiveness of a structural approach.