Guanxi: Connections as substitutes for formal institutional support

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Xin, KR; Pearce, JL
• 署名单位: University of California System; University of California Irvine
• 刊物名称: ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0001-4273
• DOI: 10.5465/257072
• 发表日期: 1996
• 页码: 1641-1658
• 关键词: liability; MARKETS; NEWNESS; CHINA

摘要

Interview data from China are used to test an argument that executives develop personal connections in societies with underdeveloped legal support for private businesses. In China, such connections are called guanxi. An underdeveloped legal framework makes private-company executives more dependent on guanxi than executives in state-owned or collective-hybrid companies. Compared to the other executives, private-company executives considered business connections more important, depended more on connections for protection, had more government connections, gave more unreciprocated gifts, and trusted their connections more.