WHATEVER IT TAKES TO WIN: RIVALRY INCREASES UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Kilduff, Gavin J.; Galinsky, Adam D.; Gallo, Edoardo; Reade, J. James
• 署名单位: New York University; Columbia University; University of Cambridge; University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of Reading
• 刊物名称: ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0001-4273
• DOI: 10.5465/amj.2014.0545
• 发表日期: 2016
• 页码: 1508-1534
• 关键词: ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING; SELF-WORTH; COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING; ACHIEVEMENT ORIENTATION; COMPETITIVE AROUSAL; MORAL DISENGAGEMENT; college-students; social-status; performance; motivation

摘要

This research investigates the link between rivalry and unethical behavior. We propose that people will be more likely to engage in unethical behavior when competing against their rivals than when competing against non-rival competitors. Across an archival study and a series of experiments, we found that rivalry was associated with increased unsporting behavior, use of deception, and willingness to employ unethical negotiation tactics. We also explore the psychological underpinnings of rivalry in order to illuminate how it differs from general competition and why it increases unethical behavior. The data reveal a serial mediation pathway whereby rivalry heightens the psychological stakes of competition (by increasing actors' contingency of self-worth and status concerns), which leads to the adoption of a stronger performance-approach orientation, which then increases unethical behavior. These findings highlight the importance of rivalry as a widespread, powerful, yet largely unstudied phenomenon with significant organizational implications. They also help to inform when and why unethical behavior occurs within organizations, and demonstrate that the effects of competition are dependent upon relationships and prior interactions between actors.