Gender Quotas and the Crisis of the Mediocre Man: Theory and Evidence from Sweden

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Besley, Timothy; Folke, Olle; Persson, Torsten; Rickne, Johanna
• 署名单位: University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Uppsala University; Stockholm University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
• 刊物名称: AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0002-8282
• DOI: 10.1257/aer.20160080
• 发表日期: 2017
• 页码: 2204-2242
• 关键词: women; PARTIES; matter

摘要

We develop a model where party leaders choose the competence of politicians on the ballot to trade off electoral success against their own survival. The predicted correlation between the competence of party leaders and followers is strongly supported in Swedish data. We use a novel approach, based on register data for the earnings of the whole population, to measure the competence of all politicians in 7 parties, 290 municipalities, and 10 elections (for the period 1982-2014). We ask how competence was affected by a zipper quota, requiring local parties to alternate men and women on the ballot, implemented by the Social Democratic Party in 1993. Far from being at odds with meritocracy, this quota raised the competence of male politicians where it raised female representation the most. We argue that resignation of mediocre male leaders was a key driver of this effect. (JEL D72, J16)