Public Insurance and Mortality: Evidence from Medicaid Implementation

• 成果类型: Review
• 署名作者: Goodman-Bacon, Andrew
• 署名单位: Vanderbilt University
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0022-3808
• DOI: 10.1086/695528
• 发表日期: 2018
• 页码: 216-262
• 关键词: health-insurance; prenatal-care; neonatal-mortality; welfare-reform; eligibility; expansions; PARTICIPATION; interventions; Discontinuity; decline

摘要

This paper provides new evidence that Medicaid's introduction reduced infant and child mortality in the 1960s and 1970s. Mandated coverage of all cash welfare recipients induced substantial cross-state variation in the share of children immediately eligible for the program. Before Medicaid, higher- and lower-eligibility states had similar infant and child mortality trends. After Medicaid, public insurance utilization increased and mortality fell more rapidly among children and infants in high-Medicaid-eligibility states. Mortality among nonwhite children on Medicaid fell by 20 percent, leading to a reduction in aggregate nonwhite child mortality rates of 11 percent.