Stereotypes

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Bordalo, Pedro; Coffman, Katherine; Gennaioli, Nicola; Shleifer, Andrei
• 署名单位: University of Oxford; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Harvard University; Bocconi University; Harvard University
• 刊物名称: QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0033-5533
• DOI: 10.1093/qje/qjw029
• 发表日期: 2016
• 页码: 1753-1794
• 关键词: gender; accuracy; SALIENCE; IDENTITY; MODEL; sex; misperceptions; PERSPECTIVES; diversity; women

摘要

We present a model of stereotypes based on Kahneman and Tversky's representativeness heuristic. A decision maker assesses a target group by overweighting its representative types, defined as the types that occur more frequently in that group than in a baseline reference group. Stereotypes formed this way contain a kernel of truth: they are rooted in true differences between groups. Because stereotypes focus on differences, they cause belief distortions, particularly when groups are similar. Stereotypes are also context dependent: beliefs about a group depend on the characteristics of the reference group. In line with our predictions, beliefs in the lab about abstract groups and beliefs in the field about political groups are context dependent and distorted in the direction of representative types.