THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC SCHOOL CHOICE: EVIDENCE FROM LOS ANGELES'S ZONES OF CHOICE

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Campos, Christopher; Kearns, Caitlin
• 署名单位: University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
• 刊物名称: QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0033-5533
• DOI: 10.1093/qje/qjad052
• 发表日期: 2024
• 页码: 1051-1093
• 关键词: benefit students; COMPETITION; neighborhoods; segregation; INFORMATION; achievement; opportunity; exposure; QUALITY; pay

摘要

Does a school district that expands school choice provide better outcomes for students than a neighborhood-based assignment system? This article studies the Zones of Choice (ZOC) program, a school choice initiative of the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) that created small high school markets in some neighborhoods but left attendance zone boundaries in place throughout the rest of the district. We study market-level effects of choice on student achievement and college enrollment using a difference-in-differences design. Student outcomes in ZOC markets increased markedly, narrowing achievement and college enrollment gaps between ZOC neighborhoods and the rest of the district. The effects of ZOC are larger for schools exposed to more competition, supporting the notion that competition is a key channel. Demand estimates suggest families place substantial weight on schools' academic quality, providing schools with competition-induced incentives to improve their effectiveness. The evidence demonstrates that public school choice programs have the potential to improve school quality and reduce neighborhood-based disparities in educational opportunity.