Reminders Work, but for Whom? Evidence from New York City Parking Ticket Recipientst

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Heffetz, Ori; O'donoghue, Ted; Schneider, Henry S.
• 署名单位: Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Cornell University; Cornell University; Queens University - Canada
• 刊物名称: AMERICAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL-ECONOMIC POLICY
• ISSN/ISSBN: 1945-7731
• DOI: 10.1257/pol.20200400
• 发表日期: 2022
• 页码: 343-370
• 关键词: models

摘要

We investigate heterogeneity in responsiveness to reminder letters among New York City parking ticket recipients. Using variation in the timing of letters, we find a strong aggregate response. But we find large differences across individuals: those with a low base-line propensity to respond to tickets-a natural nudge target-react least to letters. These low-response types, who incur significant late penalties, disproportionately come from already disadvan-taged groups. They do react strongly to traditional, incentive-based interventions. We discuss how accounting for response heteroge-neity might change one's approach to policy and how one might use our analysis to target interventions at low-response types.