The impact of post-9/11 visa policies on travel to the United States

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Neiman, Brent; Swagel, Phillip
• 署名单位: University of Chicago
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0022-1996
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2009.01.014
• 发表日期: 2009
• 页码: 86-99
• 关键词: Visa policy; Differences-in-differences; National security; International business

摘要

American and foreign businesses, politicians, and media have all pointed to post-9/11 changes in visa policies as being responsible for the sharp decline in travel to the United States following the attacks. Using an empirical model which distinguishes the impact of visa policy from economic and country-specific factors, we find that changes in visa policy were not important contributors to the decrease in travel to the United States. Rather, the reduction in entries was largest among travelers who were not required to obtain a visa. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.