Policy choice: Theory and evidence from commitment via international trade agreements

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Limao, Nuno; Tovar, Patricia
• 署名单位: National Bureau of Economic Research; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Brandeis University
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0022-1996
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2011.06.002
• 发表日期: 2011
• 页码: 186-205
• 关键词: commitment; International agreements; TRADE; Tariff; Non-tariff barrier; political economy

摘要

Why do governments employ inefficient policies when more efficient ones are available for the same purpose? We address this puzzle in the context of redistribution toward special interest groups (SIGs) by focusing on a set of important policies: tariffs and non-tariff barriers (NTBs). In our policy choice model a government can gain by committing to constrain tariffs through international agreements even if this leads to the use of less efficient NTBs; commitment has political value because it improves the bargaining position of a government that is weak relative to domestic SIGs. Using detailed data we find support for several of the model's predictions including: (i) tariff commitments in trade agreements increase the likelihood and restrictiveness of NTBs but not enough to offset the original tariff reductions; (ii) tariff commitments are more likely to be adopted and more stringent when the government is weaker relative to a SIG. Thus, the results can explain the use of inefficient policies for redistribution and suggest that the bargaining motive is an important source of the political value of commitment in international agreements. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.