Geography, competition, and optimal multilateral trade policy

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Nocco, Antonella; Ottaviano, Gianmarco I. P.; Salto, Matteo
• 署名单位: University of Salento; Bocconi University
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0022-1996
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2019.05.005
• 发表日期: 2019
• 页码: 145-161
• 关键词: International trade policy; monopolistic competition; firm heterogeneity; pricing to market; MULTILATERALISM

摘要

How should multilateral trade policy be designed in a world in which countries differ in terms of market access and technology, and firms with market power differ in terms of productivity? We answer this question in a model of monopolistic competition in which variable markups increasing in firm size are a key source of misallocation across firms and countries. We use 'disadvantaged' to refer to countries with smaller market size, worse state of technology (in terms of higher innovation and production costs), and worse geography (in terms of more remoteness from other countries). We show that, in a global welfare perspective, optimal multilateral trade policy should: promote the sales of low cost firms to all countries, but especially to disadvantaged ones; trim the sales of high cost firms to all countries, but especially to disadvantaged ones; reduce firm entry in all countries, but especially in disadvantaged ones. This would not only restore efficiency but also reduce welfare inequality between advantaged and disadvantaged countries if their differences in market size, state of technology and geography are large enough. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.