Trade fraud and non-tariff measures

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Kee, Hiau Looi; Nicita, Alessandro
• 署名单位: The World Bank
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0022-1996
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2022.103682
• 发表日期: 2022
• 关键词: Trade discrepancies; Non-tariff measures; Ad valorem equivalent of NTMs; Tariff evasion; Trade fraud

摘要

Similar to tariffs, non-tariff measures (NTMs) may induce trade fraud when they are restrictive. This paper examines whether discrepancies observed in the official trade statistics of importing and exporting countries are partly due to trade fraud from evading border NTMs. To capture the restrictiveness of NTMs, this paper estimates the ad valorem equivalent (AVE) with im-porter-exporter-product variations. This paper presents a theoretical model and empirical evi-dence showing that discrepancies increase with AVEs, consistent with the trade fraud due to traders intentionally misdeclaring countries of origin or misclassify products in order to evade border NTMs. The results are driven by homogeneous products and the trade between developed and developing countries.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.