How do parole boards respond to large, societal shocks? Evidence from the 9/11 terrorist attacks

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: McConnell, Brendon; Tan, Kegon Teng Kok; Zapryanova, Mariyana
• 署名单位: City St Georges, University of London; State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Buffalo, SUNY; Smith College
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0047-2727
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105206
• 发表日期: 2024
• 关键词: Parole board; DISCRIMINATION; Terrorist attacks

摘要

We provide the first evidence of the impact of 9/11 on outcomes for Muslims in the US criminal justice system. We focus on parole outcomes of Black Muslim men in the state of Georgia, and find large post-9/11 declines in the likelihood of being granted parole and a subsequent 23% relative increase in prison time for Muslim inmates. These impacts persisted for several years after 9/11 and were larger for inmates with higher levels of recidivism risk. We argue that these effects reflect unwarranted disparities driven by the decision-making of parole board members post-9/11.