Creativity Under Fire: The Effects of Competition on Creative Production

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Gross, Daniel P.
• 署名单位: Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
• 刊物名称: REVIEW OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0034-6535
• DOI: 10.1162/rest_a_00831
• 发表日期: 2020-07
• 页码: 583-599
• 关键词: innovation contests; risk-taking; performance; reward; incentives; feedback; tournaments; motivation; rank; go

摘要

Though fundamental to innovation and essential to many industries and occupations, individual creativity has received limited attention as an economic behavior and has historically proven difficult to study. This paper studies the incentive effects of competition on individuals' creative production. Using a sample of commercial logo design competitions and a novel, content-based measure of originality, I find that intensifying competition induces agents to produce original, untested ideas over tweaking their earlier work, but heavy competition drives them to stop investing altogether. The results yield lessons for the management of creative workers and the implementation of competitive procurement mechanisms for innovation.