Understanding the Rise in Life Expectancy Inequality

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Dahl, Gordon B.; Kreiner, Claus Thustrup; Nielsen, Torben Heien; Serena, Benjamin Ly
• 署名单位: University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Business School
• 刊物名称: REVIEW OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0034-6535
• DOI: 10.1162/rest_a_01148
• 发表日期: 2024-03
• 页码: 566-575
• 关键词: UNITED-STATES; mortality; income; association; HEALTH

摘要

We provide a novel decomposition of changing gaps in life expectancy between rich and poor into differential changes in age-specific mortality rates and differences in survivability. Declining age-specific mortality rates increases life expectancy, but the gain is small if the likelihood of living to this age is small (ex ante survivability) or if the expected remaining lifetime is short (ex post survivability). Lower survivability of the poor explains half of the recent rise in inequality in the United States and the entire rise in Denmark. Declines in cardiovascular mortality benefited rich and poor, but inequality increased because of differences in lifestyle-related survivability.