Climate impacts of alternative beef production systems depend on the functional unit used: Weight or monetary value

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Wang, Tong; Kreuter, Urs; Davis, Christopher; Cheye, Stephen
• 署名单位: South Dakota State University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-15140
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321245121
• 发表日期: 2024-07-30
• 关键词: greenhouse-gas emissions; life-cycle assessment; growth-enhancing technologies; soil carbon sequestration; environmental impacts; cattle production; ammonia emissions; management; footprint; STATES

摘要

Beef production has been identified as a significant source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the agricultural sector. United States and Canada account for about a quarter of the world's beef supply. To compare the GHG emission contributions of alternative beef production systems, we conducted a meta- analysis of 32 studies that were conducted between 2001 and 2023. Results indicated that GHG emissions from beef production in North America varied almost fourfold from 10.2 to 37.6 with an average of 21.4 kg CO2e/kg carcass weight (CW). Studies that considered soil C sequestration (C- seq) reported the highest mitigation potential in GHG emissions (80%), followed by growth enhancement technology (16%), diet modification (6%), and grazing management improvement (7%). Our study highlights the implications of using carbon intensity per economic activity (i.e., GHG emissions per monetary unit), compared to the more common metric of intensity on per weight of product basis (GHG emissions per kg CW) for comparisons across differentiated beef cattle products. While a positive association was found between the proportion of lifespan on grassland and the conventional weight- based indicator, grass- finished beef was found to have lower carbon intensity per economic activity than feedlot- finished beef. Our study emphasizes the need to incorporate land use and management effects and soil C- seq as fundamental aspects of beef GHG emissions and mitigation assessments.