Adaptive nonequilibrium design of actin-based metamaterials: Fundamental and practical limits of control

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Chennakesavalu, Shriram; Manikandan, Sreekanth K.; Hu, Frank; Rotskoff, Grant M.
• 署名单位: Stanford University; Stanford University
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-14948
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310238121
• 发表日期: 2024-02-20
• 关键词: mechanical-properties; self-organization; motility driven; network; fluctuations; orientation; elasticity; allostery; DYNAMICS

摘要

The adaptive and surprising emergent properties of biological materials self -assembled in far -from -equilibrium environments serve as an inspiration for efforts to design nanomaterials. In particular, controlling the conditions of self -assembly can modulate material properties, but there is no systematic understanding of either how to parameterize external control or how controllable a given material can be. Here, we demonstrate that branched actin networks can be encoded with metamaterial properties by dynamically controlling the applied force under which they grow and that the protocols can be selected using multi -task reinforcement learning. These actin networks have tunable responses over a large dynamic range depending on the chosen external protocol, providing a pathway to encoding memory within these structures. Interestingly, we obtain a bound that relates the dissipation rate and the rate of encoding that gives insight into the constraints on control-both physical and information theoretical. Taken together, these results emphasize the utility and necessity of nonequilibrium control for designing self -assembled nanostructures.