Identification of a negative- strand RNA virus with natural plant and fungal hosts

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Dai, Ruoyin; Yang, Shian; Pang, Tianxing; Tian, Mengyuan; Wang, Hao; Zhang, Dong; Wu, Yunfeng; Kondo, Hideki; Andika, Ida Bagus; Kang, Zhensheng; Sun, Liying
• 署名单位: Northwest A&F University - China; Northwest A&F University - China; Northwest A&F University - China; Northwest A&F University - China; Okayama University; Qingdao Agricultural University; Northwest A&F University - China
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-14933
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319582121
• 发表日期: 2024-03-19
• 关键词: wheat-mosaic-virus; endoplasmic-reticulum; movement protein; stunt virus; transmission; insect; fever; localization; suppression; mechanisms

摘要

The presence of viruses that spread to both plant and fungal populations in nature has posed intriguingly scientific question. We found a negativestrand RNA virus related to members of the family Phenuiviridae, named Valsa mali negativestrand RNA virus 1 (VmNSRV1), which induced strong hypovirulence and was prevalent in a population of the phytopathogenic fungus of apple Valsa canker (Valsa mali) infecting apple orchards in the Shaanxi Province of China. Intriguingly, VmNSRV1 encodes a protein with a viral cell - to - cell movement function in plant tissue. Mechanical leaf inoculation showed that VmNSRV1 could systemically infect plants. Moreover, VmNSRV1 was detected in 24 out of 139 apple trees tested in orchards in Shaanxi Province. Fungal inoculation experiments showed that VmNSRV1 could be bidirectionally transmitted between apple plants and V. mali, and VmNSRV1 infection in plants reduced the development of fungal lesions on leaves. Additionally, the nucleocapsid protein encoded by VmNSRV1 is associated with and rearranged lipid droplets in both fungal and plant cells. VmNSRV1 represents a virus that has adapted and spread to both plant and fungal hosts and shuttles between these two organisms in nature (phyto- mycovirus) and is potential to be utilized for the biocontrol method against plant fungal diseases. This finding presents further insights into the virus evolution and adaptation encompassing both plant and fungal hosts. Significance Plant and fungal viruses have divergently evolved to adapt to the distinct biological characteristics of plant and fungal kingdoms. While cross- infection of plant viruses in fungi has been observed, the question of whether a virus could naturally spread to both plant and fungal populations remains unclear. An RNA virus, Valsa mali negativestrand RNA virus 1 (VmNSRV1) was identified from fungus Valsa mali infecting apple trees. Aside from the prevalence of VmNSRV1 in V. mali population, VmNSRV1 was found experimentally to be able to infect plants. More importantly, VmNSRV1 was detected in apple trees grown in the fields. VmNSRV1 could be considered a virus with natural plant and fungal hosts. This finding redefines the conventional concept of plant and fungal viruses.