Underlying and proximate drivers of biodiversity changes in Mesoamerican biosphere reserves

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Auliz-Ortiz, Daniel Martin; Benitez-Malvido, Julieta; Arroyo- Rodriguez, Victor; Dirzo, Rodolfo; Perez-Farrera, Miguel Angel; Luna-Reyes, Roberto; Mendoza, Eduardo; Alvarez-Anorve, Mariana Yolotl; Alvarez-Sanchez, Javier; Arias-Ataide, Dulce Maria; Avila-Cabadilla, Luis Daniel; Botello, Francisco; Braasch, Marco; Casas, Alejandro; Campos-Villanueva, Delfino Alvaro; Cedeno-Vazquez, Jose Rogelio; Chavez-Tovar, Jose Cuauhtemoc; Coates, Rosamond; Dechnik-Vazquez, Yanus; Arizmendi, Maria del Coro; Dias, Pedro Americo; Dorado, Oscar; Enriquez, Paula; Escalona-Seguras, Griselda; Farias-Gonzalez, Veronica; Favilat, Mario E.; Garcia, Andres; Garcia-Moralesv, Leccinum Jesus; Gavito-Perez, Fernando; Gomez-Domingueze, Hector; Gonzalez-Garcia, Fernando; Gonzalez-Zamora, Arturo; Cuevas-Guzman, Ramon; Haro-Belchez, Enrique; Hernandez-Huerta, Arturo Heriberto; Hernandez-Ordonez, Omar; Horvat, Anna; Ibarra-Manriquez, Guillermo; Lavin-Murcio, Pablo Antonio; Lira-Saade, Rafael; Lopez-Diaze, Karime; Macswiney, G. M. Cristina; Mandujano, Salvador; Martinez-Camilo, Ruben; Martinez-Avaloshh, Jose Guadalupe; Martinez-Melendezii, Nayely; Monroy-Ojeda, Alan; Mora, Francisco; Mora-Olivo, Arturo; Muench, Carlos; Pena-Mondragon, Juan L.; Percino-Daniel, Ruth; Ramirez-Marcial, Neptali; Reyna-Hurtado, Rafael; Rodriguez-Ruiz, Erick Ruben; Sanchez-Cordero, Victor; Suazo-Ortuno, Ireri; Teran-Juarez, Sergio Alejandro; Valdivieso-Perez, Ingrid Abril; Valencia, Vivian; Valenzuela-Galvan, David; Vargas-Contreras, Jorge Albino; Vazquez-Perez, Jose Raul; Vega-Rivera, Jorge Humberto; Venegas-Barrera, Crystian Sadiel; Martinez-Ramosa, Miguel
• 署名单位: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Stanford University; Stanford University; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR); Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana - Mexico; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Universidad Veracruzana; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR); El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR); Instituto de Ecologia - Mexico; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Instituto de Ecologia - Mexico; Universidad Veracruzana; Universidad de Guadalajara; Instituto de Ecologia - Mexico; Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez; Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos; Universidad Veracruzana; Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Bishops University; Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-14462
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305944121
• 发表日期: 2024-02-06
• 关键词: rain-forest fragmentation; land-use changes; protected areas; deforestation; CONSERVATION; assemblages; KNOWLEDGE; impacts

摘要

Protected areas are of paramount relevance to conserving wildlife and ecosystem contributions to people. Yet, their conservation success is increasingly threatened by human activities including habitat loss, climate change, pollution, and species overexploitation. Thus, understanding the underlying and proximate drivers of anthropogenic threats is urgently needed to improve protected areas' effectiveness, especially in the biodiversity-rich tropics. We addressed this issue by analyzing expert- provided data on long - term biodiversity change (last three decades) over 14 biosphere reserves from the Mesoamerican Biodiversity Hotspot. Using multivariate analyses and structural equation modeling, we tested the influence of major socioeconomic drivers (demographic, economic, and political factors), spatial indicators of human activities (agriculture expansion and road extension), and forest landscape modifications (forest loss and isolation) as drivers of biodiversity change. We uncovered a significant proliferation of disturbance- tolerant guilds and the loss or decline of disturbance- sensitive guilds within reserves causing a winner and loser species replacement over time. Guild change was directly related to forest spatial changes promoted by the expansion of agriculture and roads within reserves. High human population density and low nonfarming occupation were identified as the main underlying drivers of biodiversity change. Our findings suggest that to mitigate anthropogenic threats to biodiversity within biosphere reserves, fostering human population well - being via sustainable, nonfarming livelihood opportunities around reserves is imperative.