Growing three-dimensional objects with light

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Lipkowitz, Gabriel; Saccone, Max A.; Panzer, Matthew A.; Coates, Ian A.; Hsiao, Kaiwen; Ilyn, Daniel; Kronenfeld, Jason M.; Tumbleston, John R.; Shaqfeh, Eric S. G.; DeSimone, Joseph M.
• 署名单位: Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-13692
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303648121
• 发表日期: 2024-07-01
• 关键词: free-radical photopolymerization; separation force; 3d; stereolithography; RESOLUTION; kinetics; oxygen; MODEL; enhancement; fabrication

摘要

Vat photopolymerization (VP) additive manufacturing enables fabrication of complex 3D objects by using light to selectively cure a liquid resin. Developed in the 1980s, this technique initially had few practical applications due to limitations in print speed and final part material properties. In the four decades since the inception of VP, the field has matured substantially due to simultaneous advances in light delivery, interface design, and materials chemistry. Today, VP materials are used in a variety of practical applications and are produced at industrial scale. In this perspective, we trace the developments that enabled this printing revolution by focusing on the enabling themes of light, interfaces, and materials. We focus on these fundamentals as they relate to continuous liquid interface production (CLIP), but provide context for the broader VP field. We identify the fundamental physics of the printing process and the key breakthroughs that have enabled faster and higher-resolution printing, as well as production of better materials. We show examples of how in situ print process monitoring methods such as optical coherence tomography can drastically improve our understanding of the print process. Finally, we highlight areas of recent development such as multimaterial printing and inorganic material printing that represent the next frontiers in VP methods.