Contribution of anthropogenic aerosols to persistent La Niña-like conditions in the early 21st century

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Hwang, Yen-Ting; Xie, Shang Ping; Chen, Po-Ju; Tseng, Hung-Yi; Deser, Clara
• 署名单位: National Taiwan University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; George Mason University; National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-12634
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315124121
• 发表日期: 2024-01-30
• 关键词: sea-surface temperature; tropical pacific; equatorial pacific; cold-tongue; circulation; responses; precipitation; variability; modes; shift

摘要

The discrepancy between the observed lack of surface warming in the eastern equatorial Pacific and climate model projections of an El Nino- like warming pattern confronts the climate research community. While anthropogenic aerosols have been suggested as a cause, the prolonged cooling trend over the equatorial Pacific appears in conflict with Northern Hemisphere aerosol emission reduction since the 1980s. Here, using CESM, we show that the superposition of fast and slow responses to aerosol emission change-an increase followed by a decrease-can sustain the La Nina- like condition for a longer time than expected. The rapid adjustment of Hadley Cell to aerosol reduction triggers joint feedback between low clouds, wind, evaporation, and sea surface temperature in the Southeast Pacific, leading to a wedge- shaped cooling that extends to the central equatorial Pacific. Meanwhile, the northern subtropical cell gradually intensifies, resulting in equatorial subsurface cooling that lasts for decades.