Variable carbon isotope fractionation of photosynthetic communities over depth in an open- ocean euphotic zone

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Henderson, Lillian C.; Wittmers, Fabian; Carlson, Craig A.; Worden, Alexandra Z.; Close, Hilary G.
• 署名单位: University of Miami; Marine Biological Laboratory - Woods Hole; University of Kiel; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-12134
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304613121
• 发表日期: 2024-03-05
• 关键词: efficient hydrogen evolution; ionic liquids; oxygen reduction; platinum atoms; stable single; co oxidation; sites; electrodeposition; catalysts; graphene

摘要

Marine particulate organic carbon (POC) contributes to carbon export, food webs, and sediments, but uncertainties remain in its origins. Globally, variations in stable carbon isotope ratios (delta 13C values) of POC between the upper and lower euphotic zones (LEZ) indicate either varying aspects of photosynthetic communities or degradative alteration of POC. During summertime in the subtropical north Atlantic Ocean, we find that delta 13C values of the photosynthetic product phytol decreased by 6.3%o and photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionation (epsilon p) increased by 5.6%o between the surface and the LEZ-variation as large as that found in the geologic record during major carbon cycle perturbations, but here reflecting vertical variation in delta 13C values of photosynthetic communities. We find that simultaneous variations in light intensity and phytoplankton community composition over depth may be important factors not fully accounted for in common models of photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionation. Using additional isotopic and cell count data, we estimate that photosynthetic and non- photosynthetic material (heterotrophs or detritus) contribute relatively constant proportions of POC throughout the euphotic zone but are isotopically more distinct in the LEZ. As a result, the large vertical differences in epsilon p result in significant, but smaller, differences in the delta 13C values of total POC across the same depths (2.7%o). Vertical structuring of photosynthetic communities and export potential from the LEZ may vary across current and past ocean ecosystems; thus, LEZ photosynthesis may influence the exported and/ or sedimentary delta 13C values of both phytol and total organic carbon and affect interpretations of epsilon p over geologic time.