Optimization of swim depth across diverse taxa during horizontal travel

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Stokes, Kimberley L.; Esteban, Nicole; Casale, Paolo; Chiaradia, Andre; Kaska, Yakup; Kato, Akiko; Luschi, Paolo; Ropert-Coudert, Yan; Stokes, Holly J.; Hays, Graeme C.
• 署名单位: Swansea University; University of Pisa; Pamukkale University; Deakin University
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-12022
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2413768121
• 发表日期: 2024-12-24
• 关键词: diving behavior; elephant seals; wave-drag; locomotion; migration; energetics; penguins; energy

摘要

Semiaquatic taxa, including humans, often swim at the air-water interface where they waste energy generating surface waves. For fully marine animals however, theory predicts the most cost- efficient depth- use pattern for migrating, air- breathing species that do not feed in transit is to travel at around 2 to 3 times the depth of their body diameter, to minimize the vertical distance traveled while avoiding wave drag close to the surface. This has rarely been examined, however, due to depth measurement resolution issues at the surface. Here, we present evidence for the use of this strategy in the wild to the nearest centimeter and document the switch to shallow swimming during naturally occurring long- distance migrations. Using high- resolution depth- accelerometry and sea turtle, penguin, and whale species, we show that near- surface swimming is likely used broadly across nonforaging diving animals to minimize the cost of transport.