A recent gibbon ape leukemia virus germline integration in a rodent from New Guinea

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Mottaghinia, Saba; Stenzel, Saskia; Tsangaras, Kyriakos; Nikolaidis, Nikolas; Laue, Michael; Mueller, Karin; Hoelscher, Henriette; Loeber, Ulrike; Mcewen, Gayle K.; Donnellan, Stephen C.; Rowe, Kevin C.; Aplin, Ken P.; Goffinet, Christine; Greenwood, Alex D.
• 署名单位: Leibniz Institut fur Zoo und Wildtierforschung; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON); Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine; University of Nicosia; California State University System; California State University Fullerton; California State University System; California State University Fullerton; Robert Koch Institute; Helmholtz Association; Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine; South Australian Museum; Free University of Berlin
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-11908
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220392121
• 发表日期: 2024-01-29
• 关键词: c-type retrovirus; endogenous retroviruses; sarcoma; infection; lagothrix; subgroup; tissue; line

摘要

Germline colonization by retroviruses results in the formation of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Most colonization's occurred millions of years ago. However, in the Australo- Papuan region (Australia and New Guinea), several recent germline colonization events have been discovered. The Wallace Line separates much of Southeast Asia from the Australo- Papuan region restricting faunal and pathogen dispersion. West of the Wallace Line, gibbon ape leukemia viruses (GALVs) have been isolated from captive gibbons. Two microbat species from China appear to have been infected naturally. East of Wallace's Line, the woolly monkey virus (a GALV) and the closely related koala retrovirus (KoRV) have been detected in eutherians and marsupials in the Australo-Papuan region, often vertically transmitted. The detected vertically transmitted GALV-like viruses in Australo- Papuan fauna compared to sporadic horizontal transmission in Southeast Asia and China suggest the GALV-KoRV clade originates in the former region and further models of early - stage genome colonization may be found. We screened 278 samples, seven bat and one rodent family endemic to the Australo-Papuan region and bat and rodent species found on both sides of the Wallace Line. We identified two rodents (Melomys) from Australia and Papua New Guinea and no bat species harboring GALV-like retroviruses. Melomys leucogaster from New Guinea harbored a genomically complete replication- competent retrovirus with a shared integration site among individuals. The integration was only present in some individuals of the species indicating this retrovirus is at the earliest stages of germline colonization of the Melomys genome, providing a new small wild mammal model of early - stage genome colonization. Significance Retroviruses colonize vertebrate genomes forming endogenous retroviruses. With very few exceptions, these colonization events are ancient. After screening 278 samples representing seven bat and one rodent family endemic to the Australo- Papuan region (Australia and New Guinea), we report the discovery of genomically intact and infectious retroviruses currently colonizing the genome of a Melomys leucogaster in New Guinea. This represents the second example, after the koala retrovirus (KoRV), of a retrovirus that has colonized the genome but retains a functional viral life cycle identified in the Australo- Papuan region.